In urine analysis, what does "per hpf" refer to?

The term "per hpf" in urine analysis refers to “per high power field,” which is a measurement commonly used in microscopy to indicate the quantity of particular elements observed within a specific area of the microscopic field. In this context, the correct answer pertains to the average number of cells per high power field.

This terminology is foundational in analyzing urine sediment, as it allows for standardized reporting of various components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and epithelial cells. Each high power field provides a clear view for quantifying these cellular elements, enabling clinicians to assess potential pathologies, such as infections, inflammation, or kidney disease.

Understanding the significance of "per hpf" is crucial for interpreting urine analysis results accurately. It provides a clear metric to discuss findings with healthcare professionals, ensuring that observations can be consistently communicated and understood within the context of diagnostic evaluations.