What condition can lead to diluted urine resulting in low specific gravity?

Diluted urine with low specific gravity is primarily associated with Diabetes Insipidus. This condition is characterized by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is responsible for regulating water balance in the body. When ADH levels are low or the kidneys do not respond to it, the kidneys are unable to concentrate the urine, leading to excessive urination of dilute urine. As a result, the specific gravity of the urine decreases since it contains more water in relation to solutes.

In contrast, conditions such as dehydration, diabetes mellitus, and renal failure can lead to concentrated urine, resulting in higher specific gravity. Dehydration decreases the water available for urine formation, leading to more concentrated urine. Diabetes mellitus typically results in elevated glucose levels, which can also lead to increased osmotic pressure and concentrated urine. Renal failure can impact the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine efficiently, but it does not typically create the same low specific gravity as seen in Diabetes Insipidus.