Which of the following can cause a false increase in urine glucose levels?

A false increase in urine glucose levels can occur primarily due to hyperglycemia. When blood glucose levels are elevated beyond the renal threshold (typically around 180 mg/dL), the kidneys can no longer reabsorb all the glucose, leading to its presence in the urine. This condition often indicates diabetes mellitus or another form of metabolic disorder that results in excess glucose in the bloodstream.

In contrast, excessive hydration might dilute urine and potentially reduce glucose concentration if it were present. A high protein diet can affect the levels of other nitrogenous waste products in the urine but does not directly cause an increase in glucose levels. Diuretic use may increase urine output but generally does not lead to an increase in glucose concentration unless it contributes to renal glucose handling changes under certain conditions. Therefore, hyperglycemia is the primary factor that directly causes increased glucose detection in urine.